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Chinlingo Podcast|12 kinds of companionship in Chinese

   

1.八拜之交 (bā bài zhī jiāo, sworn brotherhood)


Gǔ shí hou,rén men hé yǔ zì jǐ jiā zú xìng shì bù tóng de rén jié bài wéi xiōng dì jiě mèi,chēng wéi bā bài zhī jiāo。“Bá bài”,shì gǔ shí hòudà jiā zú nèi,wǎn bèi bài jiàn zhǎng bèi shí hòu de lǐ jié 。

古时候,人们和与自己家族姓氏不同的人结拜为兄弟姐妹,称为八拜之交。“八拜”,是古时候,大家族内,晚辈拜见长辈时候的礼节。

It is an old saying referring to sworn brothers or sisters with different surnames. "八拜 (bā bài, to kowtow for eight times)" was a courtesy for old family friends to call on the elders.

  

2.布衣之交 (bù yī zhī jiāo, friends in days of simple life)


Zhǐ píng mín bǎi xìng zhī jiān de jiāo qing。Bù yī,jiù shí píng mín bǎi xìng jiā de yī fu。

指平民百姓之间的交情。布衣,旧时平民百姓家的衣服。

It refers to the relations among the plain folks. "布衣 (bù yī, cloth gown)" were the clothes worn by the folks.

  

3.患难之交 (huàn nàn zhī jiāo, friends in adversity) 


Zhǐ zài yì qǐ jīng lì guò kǔ nàn de péng you。

指在一起经历过苦难的朋友。

It means the friends who have been through hard times together.

 

4.金石之交 (jīn shí zhī jiāo, close and intimate friendship) 


Zhǐ yǒu qíng xiàng jīn、shí yí yàng jiān gù,bù róng yì bèi pò huài de péng you 。

指友情像金、石一样坚固,不容易被破坏的朋友。

It refers to the strong and solid friendship like metal and stone.

  

5.君子之交 (jūn zǐ zhī jiāo, friendship between gentlemen) 


Zhǐ nà xiē zhù zhòng dào yì hé qíng yì de jūn zǐ zhī jiān de yǒu yì,tā men de jiāo qing kàn qǐ lái hěn píng dàn,dàn shí jì shàng bí cǐ dōu fēi cháng zhù zhòng zhè duàn yǒu yì。

指那些注重道义和情谊的君子之间的友谊,他们的交情看起来很平淡,但实际上彼此都非常注重这段友谊。

It's used to refer to the ordinary but morally oriented friendship. The friendship between gentlemen appears indifferent but is pure like water, or, a hedge between keeps friendship green)

  

6.莫逆之交 (mò nì zhī jiāo, friends with complete mutual understanding) 


Zhǐ qíng qù yí zhì,shí fēn yào hǎo de péng you。Nì,wéi bèi、xiāng fǎn huò fǎn duì;mò,biǎo shì fǒu dìng。Suó yǐ,“ mò nì ”,yí zhì。

指情趣一致,十分要好的朋友。逆,违背、相反或反对;莫,表示否定。所以,“莫逆”,一致。

It refers to close friends who share a common temperament and interest. "逆" means "opposite" while "莫逆" indicates "consistent" or "no difference".

  

7.贫贱之交 (pín jiàn zhī jiāo, a friend in earlier days when one was poor) 


Zhǐ zài pín qióng、 kùn kǔ shí jié jiāo de péng you。

指在贫穷、困苦时结交的朋友。

It means friendship made in poor times.

    

8.忘年之交 (wàng nián zhī jiāo, friendship between old and young people)


Zhǐ bù guǎn nián jì zhǎng yòu chā jù,ér zhòng zài dé xíng cái jiāo de hǎo péng you 。

指不管年纪长幼差距,而重在德行才交的好朋友。

It refers to friends who share with virtue in spite of the difference of age. 

 

9.忘形之交 (wàng xíng zhī jiāo, spiritual friendship between a noble and a commoner)


Zhǐ bú zài hu bí cǐ de wài biǎo、shēn fèn、dì wèi zhè xiē wài zài de dōng xi,ér zhòng shì yǔ duì fāng xīn líng de qì hé yǔ mò qì de péng you 。

指不在乎彼此的外表、身份、地位这些外在的东西,而重视与对方心灵的契合与默契的朋友。

It means friends with true hearts and without formality.

 

10.刎颈之交 (wěn jǐng zhī jiāo, a friendship to the death) 


“ Wěn jǐng ”,zài hàn yǔ zhōng de yì si wéi yòng dāo gē bó zi,biǎo shì sǐ wáng;wěn jǐng zhī jiāo zhǐ de shì ké yǐ yì qǐ sǐ,yì qǐ jīng lì jù dà kǔ nàn de péng you。

“刎颈”,在汉语中的意思为用刀割脖子,表示死亡;刎颈之交指的是可以一起死,一起经历巨大苦难的朋友。

It refers to bosom friends who are willing to die for one another and never turn their back on each other.

 

11.再世之交 (zài shì zhī jiāo, a friendship of the second generation) 


Zhǐ yǔ mǒu yí duì fù zǐ liǎng rén dōu jié wéi péng you。

指与某一对父子两人都结为朋友。

It means a person who has made friends with the other and his/her father.

  

12.竹马之交 (zhú mǎ zhī jiāo, friendship in youth) 


Yě ké yǐ jiào zuò " zhú mǎ zhī hǎo ", zhǐ nián yòu shí jié jiāo de péng you。 Zhú mǎ,zhǐ xiǎo hái bǎ zhú gān qí zài dāng xià zuò mǎ,yòng yǐ dài zhǐ yòu nián 。

也可以叫做"竹马之好",指年幼时结交的朋友。竹马,指小孩把竹竿骑在裆下作马,用以代指幼年。

It can be said "竹马之好 (zhú mǎ zhī hǎo)" which refers to the friends made in one's youth. "竹马" is the bamboos that kids put under their crotch and take as horse, which becomes a word to mean the childhood.  


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2016-08-24

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