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7 ways to use Chinese word “把”

In Chinese language, words are often polysemous. A word may be used in various ways. It can be a verb, noun or adjective in different cases. Understanding it comprehensively will avoid misunderstandings. In this article, we'll focus on the uses of "". 

中文词汇通常一词多义。一个词可以多用,在不同情况下它可能是动词、名词或形容词。全面地理解一个词的用法就能避免误解。本文我们要重点讨论如何使用"把"。

1. 把 sentence 

The 把 sentence a basic sentence structure in Mandarin Chinese that is formed with the "subject + 把 + object + verb phrase" word order. 

中文里"把字句"的结构是:主语+把+宾语+动词短语

Nǐ bǎ shū fàng zài zhuōzi shàng.

你 把 书 放 在 桌子 上 。

Put the book on the table.

Tā bǎ bāo fàng zài dì shàng

她 把 包 放 在 地 上。

She put the bag on the ground.

Also, you can have two objects in a 把 sentence. Their use in a 把 sentence will also involve prepositions. The structure is "subject + 把 + object 1 + verb + preposition + object 2".

把字句可以有两个宾语,这种情况通常需要有介词来辅助。结构:"主语+把+宾语1+动词+介词+宾语2"

wǒ bǎ wǒnǚpéngyǒu jièshàogěi fùmǔ le

我 把 我女朋友 介绍给 父母 了。

I've introduced my girlfriend to my parents. 

2. 把 can be used as a measure word

把 can be used as a measure word to quantify objects that can be grasped or objects with a handle. For example: 

"把"作为量词,用以量化可以用手握住的物体。

一把牙刷 (yìbǎ yáshuā): a toothbrush 

一把梳子 (yìbǎ shūzi): a comb 

一把椅子 (yìbǎ yǐzi): a chair 

一把花生 (yì bǎ huāshēng): a handful of peanuts

一把沙子 yì bǎ shāzi, a handful of sand

lā/bāng tā yì bǎ

拉/帮她一把

give her a helping hand

3. 把 can be used to encourage or motivate someone

"把"用于鼓励、激励某人。

rú guǒ xiǎng tōng guò zhè ge kǎo shì, hái děi zài jiā yì bǎ jìner.

如果想通过这个考试,还得再加一把劲儿。

You have to study harder, if you want to pass this exam.

4. 把 can also modify something about the actions with hands. 

"把"可以修饰用手执行的动作。

Tā yì bǎ bítì yì bǎ yǎn lèi de kūsù tā de fánnǎo

她一把鼻涕一把眼泪地哭诉她的烦恼。

She whines about her trouble with snot and tears streaming down her face.

5. 把 can be a measure word to describe persons with special skills — or some abstract nouns — a good hand at something. Like the following:

"把"可以用作描述有特殊技能的人的量词,或者描述某些抽象名词,表示"a good hand at something". 比如:

  

He is good at picking tea leaves.

他是采茶的一把好手。

Tā shì cǎi chá de yì bǎ hǎo shǒu

6. 把 can be used to start an imperative sentence 

把 can be used to start an imperative sentence, to order someone. 

"把"可以作为祈使句的开头,用来命令他人。

bǎ nǐ de zuǐ bì shàng

把你的嘴闭上!

Shut up your mouth! 

bǎ diàn shì guān diào

把电视关掉!

Turn off the TV set!

7. 把 can be used with a descriptive complement to make something more descriptive and interesting

"把"可以与描述性补语连用,使某事更生动、有趣。

Jīntiān bǎ wǒ chī de dōu bùxiǎng dòngle. 

今天把我吃得都不想动了。

I've eaten so much today that I don't want to move. 

The article is translated and editted by Chinlingo. Please indicate the source for any use, reproduction or transfer. 

本文由Chinlingo编译后发布,如需转载,请标明来源。

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2016-06-24

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